\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 K\u016f\u017ee, ko\u017ee\u0161ina, um\u011bl\u00e1 k\u016f\u017ee, ko\u017eenka nebo snad use\u0148, to jsou pojmy, kter\u00e9 obratn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me p\u0159i koupi obuvi, oble\u010den\u00ed i n\u00e1bytku. Jak se v\u0161ak spr\u00e1vn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 terminologie zaob\u00edraj\u00edc\u00ed se povrchy t\u011bl zv\u00ed\u0159at, nebo jejich imitacemi, aplikovan\u00fdch na p\u0159edm\u011bty lidsk\u00e9ho konzumu? Konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edme na \u010daloun\u011bn\u00ed pohledov\u00fdch a funk\u010dn\u00edch \u010d\u00e1sti \u010daloun\u011bn\u00e9ho n\u00e1bytku t\u00edmto starod\u00e1vn\u00fdm \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdm materi\u00e1lem a jeho modifikacemi.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 K\u016f\u017ee je nenahraditeln\u00fdm typem p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho materi\u00e1lu, kter\u00e9 lidstvo s oblibou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 ji\u017e n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc let. Zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch k\u016f\u017e\u00ed pat\u0159ilo mezi v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, kter\u00e9 zam\u011bstn\u00e1valy ruce \u010dlov\u011bka.\u00a0Prvn\u00ed informace o element\u00e1rn\u00edch postupech vy\u010di\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017e\u00ed poch\u00e1z\u00ed\u00a0 z asyrsk\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f a Hom\u00e9rovy Iliady. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkazy o rozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00edm ko\u017ea\u0159sk\u00e9m zpracov\u00e1van\u00ed poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze starov\u011bk\u00e9ho Egypta a jsou spojen\u00e9 s archeologick\u00fdm objevem cca p\u011bti tis\u00edc let star\u00e9 ko\u017eelu\u017esk\u00e9 d\u00edlny. P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zp\u016fsob vy\u010di\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017e\u00ed nebyl p\u0159itom zdaleka jedin\u00fd, kter\u00fd starov\u011bc\u00ed Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 poznali. Kmeny Sumer\u016f, obyvatel\u00e9 star\u00e9ho Babylonu a Chetit\u00e9 u\u017e m\u011bli znalosti o technik\u00e1ch vy\u010di\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017e\u00ed kamencem i tukem. Dodnes zn\u00e1mou formaldehydovou metodu \u010din\u011bn\u00ed objevili Egyp\u0165an\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b n\u00e1hodou, kdy\u017e se sna\u017eili z k\u016f\u017ee dostat p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00fd tuk jej\u00edm oh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm nad ohn\u011bm. Tento pokus dopomohl k objevu su\u0161en\u00ed k\u016f\u017e\u00ed, kter\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u011b prodlu\u017euje jej\u00ed \u017eivotnost a udr\u017euje jej\u00ed vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 vlastnosti. F\u00e9ni\u010dan\u00e9 dok\u00e1zali z k\u016f\u017ee zv\u00ed\u0159at dokonce postavit vodovodn\u00ed potrub\u00ed. \u0158\u00edman\u00e9 zdokonalili techniku v\u00fdroby k\u016f\u017ee, kterou zpracovali pro n\u00e1slednou v\u00fdrobu obuvi, oble\u010den\u00ed i p\u0159ikr\u00fdvek.<\/p> P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v 8. stolet\u00ed za\u010dali Maurov\u00e9 na \u00fazem\u00ed \u0160pan\u011blska s v\u00fdrobou kordov\u00e1nu, typu k\u016f\u017ee zn\u00e1m\u00e9 n\u011bkolik set let v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Ve 14. stolet\u00ed ji\u017e k\u016f\u017ee na\u0161la svoje uplatn\u011bn\u00ed na pohodln\u00fdch k\u0159eslech v kombinaci s masivn\u00edm d\u0159evem a jej\u00ed zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed se tak stalo um\u011bn\u00edm. U\u017e ve st\u0159edov\u011bku lid\u00e9 ovl\u00e1dali techniky odchlupov\u00e1n\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ve velmi podobn\u00e9 form\u011b a\u017e do dnes. V\u00fdrazn\u00fd posun vp\u0159ed nastal v polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed, kdy\u017e lid\u00e9 objevili \u010dinic\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky chromit\u00fdch sol\u00ed. Tento objev se velmi rychle p\u0159enesl do pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby a inovace v podob\u011b pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed rotuj\u00edc\u00edch d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00fdch sud\u016f m\u00edsto statick\u00fdch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00ed p\u0159inesly doposud nepoznan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky. D\u00edky tomu se poda\u0159ilo proces zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed surov\u00fdch k\u016f\u017e\u00ed zkr\u00e1tit z osmi m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f a\u017e jednoho roku na sou\u010dasn\u00fdch n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed. K\u016f\u017ee je dodnes pro mnoh\u00e9 n\u00e1rody neodmyslitelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota.\u00a0<\/p> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Ko\u017een\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky jsou \u017e\u00e1dan\u00fdm artiklem v n\u00e1bytk\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. K\u016f\u017ee, respektive usn\u011b, jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny pro funk\u010dn\u00ed a pohledov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti \u010daloun\u011bn\u00e9ho n\u00e1bytku. Usn\u011b d\u011bl\u00edme na p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed a syntetick\u00e9. P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed usn\u011b<\/strong> jsou vyr\u00e1b\u011bny nej\u010dast\u011bji z hov\u011bz\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee, na nam\u00e1han\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti n\u00e1bytku se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee z oblasti h\u0159betu a krku. Na m\u00e9n\u011b nam\u00e1han\u00e9 pak use\u0148 z oblasti nohou a b\u0159icha. Krom\u011b p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch usn\u00ed s hladk\u00fdm povrchem se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed usn\u011b semi\u0161ov\u00e9, lakovan\u00e9 a ko\u017ee\u0161iny. Pro u\u017eit\u00ed na \u010daloun\u011bn\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky se d\u00e1le zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 k\u016f\u017ee vep\u0159ov\u00e1, telec\u00ed, z vodn\u00edho buvola, koz\u00ed, skopov\u00e1, jehn\u011b\u010d\u00ed, z exotick\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, divok\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, ale tak\u00e9 nap\u0159. p\u0161tros\u00ed, k\u016f\u017ee plaz\u016f, vodn\u00edch savc\u016f, velmi vz\u00e1cn\u011b i ko\u0148sk\u00e1 (ko\u0148sk\u00e1 use\u0148 velmi rychle ztr\u00e1c\u00ed vlhkost a k\u0159ehne).\u00a0<\/p> Kvalita k\u016f\u017ee z\u00e1vis\u00ed zejm\u00e9na na kvalit\u011b zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, ale i na prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde dobytek \u017eil, na kvalit\u011b stravy, zda byl chov\u00e1n na voln\u00e9 pastvin\u011b, nebo v uzav\u0159en\u00fdch st\u00e1j\u00edch. Podle jakosti se rozli\u0161uje\u00a0jadrn\u00e1 k\u016f\u017ee<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(kvalitn\u00ed pln\u00e1 k\u016f\u017ee s hust\u011b propleten\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny) a\u00a0pr\u00e1zdn\u00e1 k\u016f\u017ee<\/span><\/em>\u00a0(rozb\u011bhl\u00e1, m\u00e1lo kvalitn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ee s \u0159\u00eddce propleten\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny nebo s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm obsahem \u0159\u00eddk\u00fdch krajin)<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t „Obl\u00edbenost p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch usn\u00ed souvis\u00ed s originalitou ka\u017ed\u00e9ho kusu.<\/p> Tento p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed materi\u00e1l je prody\u0161n\u00fd, poddajn\u00fd, elastick\u00fd, tvarov\u011b st\u00e1l\u00fd, ale i hou\u017eevnat\u00fd a odoln\u00fd proti opot\u0159eben\u00ed.“<\/p><\/blockquote><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Syntetick\u00e9 potahov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly<\/strong> vznikly za \u00fa\u010del ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ceny, \u00fapravy vlastnost\u00ed a zejm\u00e9na uspokojuj\u00ed popt\u00e1vku po „n\u011b\u010dem ko\u017een\u00e9m“. Se syntetick\u00fdmi povrchy se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me zejm\u00e9na v nebytov\u00fdch prostorech a ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch interi\u00e9rech s vysok\u00fdmi n\u00e1roky na snadnou \u010distitelnost. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0ko\u017eenka<\/strong>, kter\u00e1 je neprody\u0161n\u00e1 a nen\u00ed schopn\u00e1 absorbovat vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ru, pro podklad je pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n polyamidov\u00fd a polyesterov\u00fd \u00faplet, netkan\u00e9 textilie (obuv) nebo pap\u00edr (kufry). Poromer <\/strong>je\u00a0por\u00e9zn\u00ed polymern\u00ed materi\u00e1l, zpravidla homogenn\u00ed, na podkladu nebo bez n\u011bj, propou\u0161t\u00ed vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ru, absorbuje a vypa\u0159uje vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ru, podklad je tvo\u0159en netkanou textili\u00ed a horn\u00ed vrstva nese n\u00e1nos PUR, nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obchodn\u00ed n\u00e1zvy poromer\u016f: Corfam (USA), Clarino (JAP), Barex nebo Colaten (\u010cR).\u00a0<\/em>Alcantara<\/strong> je um\u011bl\u00fd materi\u00e1l z PE (polyethylenu) a PUR (polyuretan), m\u011bkk\u00fd, odoln\u00fd proti ot\u011bru, prody\u0161n\u00fd , snadn\u00fd na \u00fadr\u017ebu. Ekok\u016f\u017ee<\/strong> je um\u011bl\u00e1 use\u0148, dvouvrstv\u00fd materi\u00e1l, horn\u00ed vrstva z PUR, podklad bavln\u011bn\u00fd \u00faplet, snadn\u00fd na \u00fadr\u017ebu.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t Mies van der Rohe <\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n \r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t Antonio Bonet, Juan Kurchan & Jorge Ferrari-Hardon, 1938<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n \r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t Charles a Ray Eamesovi<\/p>\r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n \r\n <\/div>\r\n \r\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\tBarcelona Chair<\/h3>\r\n \r\n
Butterfly Chair<\/h3>\r\n \r\n
Eames Lounge Chair<\/h3>\r\n \r\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.cirkumo.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/nabytek_z_kuze_.png\")
\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t